Jan 30, 2020

In this episode, we explore the fascinating character of Miguel Primo de Rivera, the Spanish dictator who ruled from 1923 to 1930. Often regarded as a populist and a paternalist, and calling himself an "Iron Surgeon", Primo de Rivera is one of the most fascinating dictators of 20th century Europe, and one of the most...

Jan 10, 2020

This episode is the first in a trilogy on 20th century Spain and tells the story of the unbelievably corrupt Turno system installed in the late 1800s which survived up to 1923. Bribery and coercion determined the results of elections as two official parties peacefully alternated in office to give the illusion of...